When (under which conditions) do you treat light as a ray and when as a wave? Which laws of geometric optics do you know, and explain the law of refraction (Snell's law).
Sketch the refracted and reflected rays when the incident angles are $30^\circ$, $45^\circ$, and $60^\circ$ at an interface between medium 1 ($n_1$) and medium 2 ($n_2$), given that the critical angle is $\theta_c = 45^\circ$, for:
- a. $n_1 > n_2$
- b. $n_1 < n_2$
Sketch the propagation of a light ray through a system of two positive lenses and calculate the image distance symbolically (using parameters rather than numerical values).
Compare dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy.
What is digital holographic microscopy, and how can the height/thickness profile of a specimen be calculated?
What is the fundamental difference in light propagation and image formation when looking through an eyepiece versus focusing onto a CCD camera sensor?
What molecular properties are required for a molecule to fluoresce in the visible region of the spectrum? Compare the fluorescence efficiency of three given chemical structures.
In Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, if one increases the angle of the incident light beyond the critical angle, what is the effect on the penetration depth and the intensity of the evanescent wave?
Explain the principle of Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy.
What is SRRF (Super-Resolution Radial Fluctuations)?
What are the similarities and differences between Raman and IR microscopy? Explain the Stokes and anti-Stokes components in Raman scattering.
In Raman spectroscopy, when illuminating a sample with a laser at $\lambda = 434\text{ nm}$, three distinct Raman peaks are observed. When changing the laser excitation to $\lambda = 704\text{ nm}$, the same three vibrational transitions appear:

Sketch the resulting spectra as Intensity versus Wavelength ($\text{nm}$).
Sketch the resulting spectra as Intensity versus Wavenumber shift ($\text{cm}^{-1}$).

Deduce the vibrational frequency $\nu$ of a diatomic molecule with masses $M$ and $m$, and spring constant $K$.
What are backscattered electrons (BSE) and secondary electrons (SE) in SEM, and what specific information does each signal provide?
On a SEM image, distinct bright and dark regions are observed. Explain the physical mechanisms that could cause this contrast.
Describe the specimen preparation procedures required for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) versus Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
What is Cryo-SEM, and why is it important for biological specimens?
What are the different steps involved in acquiring an AFM force-distance curve, and what mechanical information can be extracted from each segment?
Compare the spatial resolution and imaging capabilities of ultrasound, PET, and MRI.
Image informatics:
- What is the difference between a vector image and a raster image?
- What is a kernel in digital image processing, and how is it used in filtering operations?

Bio-imaging and Image Informatics

Examenjaar 2024-2025

Examen Vragen

Examen 2024-2025

Examenjaar 2020-2021

Examen Vragen

Examen 2020-2021